For example, two genes previously associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, or NAFLD (COBLL1 and PNPLA3) [12, 60], show colocalization in the liver (Fig. 6), the former with fasting insulin and BMI and the latter with T2D, HDL, and TG, implicating them as shared genetic associations for IR/T2D and NAFLD. This evidence concerns the gene PNPLA3 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.