These loci harbor several previously known cardiometabolic causal genes such as KLF14 and LPL, but also novel candidates such as PDGFC. The relative directional effects of these genes across traits reflected known relationships between traits; i.e., genes whose expression was associated with higher risk and/or levels of IR, T2D, WHR, fasting insulin, fasting glucose, and TGs were generally also associated with lower levels of HDL, and vice-versa (Fig. 4b, Additional file 1: Fig. S5, and Additional file 8). Here, LPL is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.