The pairwise multiple comparison analysis revealed that, when compared with the CRS group, (2R,6R)-HNK ameliorated the CRS-induced decrease in Bdnf mRNA levels (P < 0.001), which was abolished by injection with NBQX (P < 0.001) but not ANA-12 (P = 0.876). The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is congenital rubella syndrome.