The pairwise multiple comparison analysis showed that, when compared with the CRS group, (2R,6R)-HNK ameliorated the CRS-induced decrease in Narp transcription (P < 0.001), which was abolished by both pretreatment with NBQX (P < 0.001) and cotreatment with ANA-12 (P < 0.001). The gene discussed is NPTX2; the disease is congenital rubella syndrome.