Since phosphorylation sites of TDP-43, including S379, S403/S404, S409 and S410, were identified in insoluble fractions of ALS by LC–MS/MS previously45, we assumed that the TDP-43 peptides phosphorylated at those sites would be identified in the P2h insoluble fraction. The gene discussed is TARDBP; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.