TNF and Hyperglycemia: In order to explore whether the ATF6-CHOP pathway regulates the liver pro-inflammatory response that is exacerbated by hyperglycemia after IR, the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 at different time points after untreated and after reperfusion in hyperglycemic mice with or without PBA treatment.