Thus far, mRNA vaccination strategies for cancer treatment have shown success in murine cancer models and in patients targeting an array of tumor antigen types, including the tumor-associated antigens hTERT, Melan-A, gp100, tyrosinase, WT-1, and PRAME; the tumor-specific antigens CEA, MUC1, survivin, p53, NY-ESO, MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3, and CMV-pp65; oncoviral proteins; patient-specific neoantigens; or CAR T cell targets. This evidence concerns the gene BIRC5 and cancer.