TNF and infection: The intermediate responsiveness of P7 cells to TNF costimulation after hPIV3 infection (Figure 5E) suggests that TNF-mediated antiviral effects in NDAS cells rely on a unique combination of NF-κB activation that leads to induced IKKi expression coupled with IKKi stabilization that is specifically mediated by the NEMO-Δex5 isoform.