In SCD patients, NfL levels were significantly correlated with p-tau (Spearman’s ρ = 0.518, p = 0.016), while correlations were found with Aβ1-42 (Spearman’s ρ = −0.399, p = 0.011), Aβ1-42/1–40 ratio (Spearman’s ρ = −0.478, p = 0.002), p-tau (Spearman’s ρ = 0.383, p = 0.015), and t-tau (Spearman’s ρ = 0.476, p = 0.002) in MCI group. This evidence concerns the gene NEFL and Schnyder corneal dystrophy.