As expected, infection of TG-PM with AIEC-LF82 induced Il1β, Il6, Tnfα, and Il10. PAR5359 significantly and selectively suppressed the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines Il1β, Il6, and Tnfα (but not the anti-inflammatory cytokine, Il10) (Fig. 5d). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and infection.