C9orf72 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Subsequently, TMEM106B polymorphisms have been associated with FTLD caused by C9orf72 mutations [11, 17, 24, 44], cognitive impairment in Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) [47] and Parkinson’s disease (PD) [42], and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) [34].