The results showed that NLRP3 and GSDME (marker of pyroptosis) were up-regulated and the inflammasomes and TLR4 were activated in NASH mice, while TEC could significantly inhibit pyroptosis and reduce the activation of inflammasomes and TLR4 (Fig. 3B–C, Additional file 3: Fig. S2B–D). This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.