The top four mutated genes were IDH1 (93%), TP53 (83%), ATRX (78%), and TTN (14%) in astrocytoma and IDH1 (93%), CIC (68%), PIK3CA (14%), and TTN (5%) in oligodendroglioma (Fig. 1A–C). Here, IDH1 is linked to astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).