INS and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: In addition to their association with weight gain,52 fructose-containing sugars that provide excess calories, especially in beverage form, have been associated with increased triglycerides,53,54 glucose,55 insulin,55 uric acid,56 and NAFLD markers.57 Toews et al7 showed that the use of LNCSs as a substitute for caloric sugars (sucrose) were a factor in reduced BP, and the reductions seen in IHCL would be expected through displacement of calories from SSBs.