INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: He was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) upon detection of hyperglycemia (231 mg/dl), ketonuria (ketone +1), elevated HbA1C (12.5%; normal, 4.5-6), positive insulin antibody (12.5%; normal, <8.2), and negative anti-islet cell and anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies.