Among these factors, the relative expression of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) (COPD vs. COPD-PH, 0.52 ± 0.28 vs. 1.1 ± 0.26, P < 0.05) Figure 1F, and Thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1) (COPD vs. COPD-PH, 0.19 ± 0.19 vs. 0.43 ± 0.11, P < 0.05) Figure 1G, were significantly higher in COPD-PH patients. Here, THBS1 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.