HAMP and nutritional disorder: For the reduced hemoglobin and hematocrit levels detected in cluster 4 and the deceased, a prior study suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may attack the heme on 1-beta chain of hemoglobin through CD147, and CD26, ACE2 receptors or by simulating hepcidin to increase tissue ferritin, block ferroprotein, causing the iron deficiency, and thus lower hemoglobin level (43).