Moreover, increased serum levels of TGF-ß and TNF-α at diagnosis were associated with low treatment response in CML that might have an important role as a clinical predictive biomarker.52 Codavarthyet al. demonstrated that expression of CD44 on BCR-ABL + LSC and E-selectin on bone marrow endothelium participates greatly in engraftment of LSC in bone marrow niche which protects the LSC from imatinib treatment. Here, TNF is linked to chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.