ZUP1 and viral infectious disease: Isaacson and Ploegh (2009) had summarized the effect of Ub, Ubl, and deubiquitination in viral infection, and then Gu and Shi (2016) reviewed the mechanism used by viruses to bypass or employ DUBs to evade the host immune defense. As an interesting therapeutic target, the clinical development of selective DUB inhibitors has been well-reviewed (Harrigan et al., 2018).