Meanwhile, long lasting agonists have emerged as a promising avenue for CGRP-therapy in cardiovascular disease, which will facilitate research into the intrinsic proliferative and angiogenic characteristics of CGRP, in addition to its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects reported in vivo. Future studies should aim to investigate the blood pressure-independent cardioprotective mechanisms of CGRP treatment in PO-induced heart failure, and whether treatment with the long-lasting agonist could improve outcome after ischemic heart failure. Here, CALCA is linked to heart failure.