For example, Astragaloside IV (PubChem CID: 13943297) can not only improve vascular endothelial dysfunction induced by hyperglycemia via inhibiting the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB) signaling pathway (Leng et al., 2018), but also inhibits vascular endothelial dysfunction via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) signaling pathway in rat aortic rings (Lin et al., 2018). This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and Hyperglycemia.