To confirm whether DAPA alleviates retinal degeneration by reducing retinal apoptosis, TUNEL staining was performed, revealing that apoptotic cells were more prevalent in DM, while DAPA-treated mice showed a significant reduction in the number of TUNEL-positive cells, which was not observed in the insulin-treated group (Figures 2F,G). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is retinal degeneration.