INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: The strengths of the study include the longitudinal picture of T1D early stages, the characterization of the PR phase versus non-remission by a wide range of immune subpopulations and cytokines, and the use of IDAA1c of ≤9 to define PR, an index that includes glycemic control and insulin doses, that correlates with C-peptide levels, and that has been validated in a large cohort of young patients with T1D (77).