Consistent with this idea, studies investigating changes in immune parameters have reported that patients with the highest frequency of CD4+CD25+CD127hi lymphocytes at disease onset experience the longest PR (17, 18), that increased levels of regulatory T, B, and NK cells can be found during T1D progression (which could reflect attempts at restoring self-tolerance) (19, 20), and that the absence of IL-4, TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-13 in sera correlates with the length of the remission period (21). The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.