LCN2 and acute kidney injury: Several useful biomarkers, such as kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) have been identified as a predictor of acute kidney injury including TIN, however, it is difficult to distinguish TIN from other diseases with tubular injury using these markers (9, 10).