VEGFA and glioblastoma: Besides the mentioned roles of p38 in GBM progression, this molecule plays a crucial role in GBM chemoresistance due to increasing tumor promoters such as runt-related transcription factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), MMP2/9, laminin γ2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), IL-6, and IL-8 (145–148).