PPM1D and neoplasm: For example, PGAM1 interacts with the phospholipase WIP1 and therefore retains it in the cytoplasm to prevent it from dephosphorylating ATM, thus promoting DNA repair 25; in addition, PKM2 directly phosphorylates Ser95 of SNAP23 to promote the release of exosomes, thus remodeling the tumor microenvironment 26.