HIF1A and cancer: Perioperative risk factors including anesthetic use during surgery may contribute to cancer recurrence after surgery (Tavare et al., 2012; Wall et al., 2019), which may be due to anesthetics; in particular, inhalational anesthetics significantly modulated cell signaling changes, including hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α (Huang et al., 2014; Unwith et al., 2015; Zhang W. et al., 2020).