CXCL13 and systemic lupus erythematosus: To determine whether CLE with or without systemic symptoms (i.e., evidence of other organ involvement) could be ascertained based on chemokine expression, we plotted cell counts of CXCL13 (overall FC = 5.8), a previously published biomarker of SLE, and found that it was more highly expressed in CLE with systemic symptoms than CLE without systemic symptoms (Figure 2C).