FMR1 and autism spectrum disorder: Although Autism spectrum disorder is caused by multiple factors like mutations in the Fragile × mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene62, intranasal application of Oxytocin can ameliorate some of the social impairments of autistic patients40 and additionally, specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the human OXTR39 gene are frequent across the ASD population and have been described as potential genetic risk factor for ASD63.