In a previous study, adipose tissue-derived autologous MSCs-derived exosomes attenuated renal inflammation, decreased TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1-β in the renal vein [22], and reduced the serum levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-18, and IL-1β in a hepatitis model [39, 40]. Here, TNF is linked to hepatitis A virus infection.