To examine the role of endothelial JMJD3 in vascular remodeling of AVF in CKD, JMJD3 was conditionally knocked out in ECs by breeding JMJD3f/f mice with vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin)-CreERT2 mice (Fig. 3A). The gene discussed is CDH5; the disease is chronic kidney disease.