There also appears to be some contradictory reports regarding the impact of T3SS-triggered inflammatory responses on the outcome of infection, in that the same inflammasome (NLRC4) has been shown to be either crucial in combating infection and for P. aeruginosa clearance, thus benefiting the host, or paradoxically enhancing P. aeruginosa pathogenesis and facilitating bacterial colonization, thus benefiting the pathogen18,25,27,29–31. The gene discussed is NLRC4; the disease is infection.