NRP1 and infection: Human ACE2 and TMPRSS2 proteins were recognized as the main proteins that mediated SARS-CoV-2 cell entry.14 The newly discovered binding molecules AXL and NRP1 are still dependent on ACE2 as the main receptor.18,19 Our discovery of ACE2-independent infection of T cells is surprising, but is also supported by previous discoveries that there are SARS-CoV-2 RNA+ cells which did not co-express ACE2 and TMPRSS2.15 In our data, SARS-CoV-2 showed significant infection of activated T cells, suggesting there should be a new entry mechanism in T cells.