IL1B and Alzheimer disease: IL-1β is a major neuroinflammatory mediator, highly expressed in AD following activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome [18–20], and shows complex and divers effects on neurons including disruption of synaptic plasticity [21], promotion of excitotoxicity [22, 23] and α- and γ-secretase activities, while reducing β-secretase activity [24, 25] and Aβ levels [26, 27].