TNF and Wilson disease: Specifically, administration of AO extract (250 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the influx of F4/80 macrophages, reduced the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), and decreased the mRNA expression of pro-fibrogenic genes (TGFβ1, PDGF, and TIMP-1) in the hepatic tissue of mice fed WD.