We therefore hypothesized that longer cumulative duration of lactation among women with past GDM is associated with healthier levels of cardiometabolic biomarkers (including measures of glucose/insulin metabolism, fasting lipids, inflammation, and anthropometrics), as well as with lower risk of clinical metabolic outcomes (including hypertriglyceridemia, prediabetes, T2D, and obesity). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.