INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In all these studies, several factors have been associated with this risk of overweight/obesity in T1D as increased functional growth hormone (GH) secretion, longer disease duration, intensive insulin therapy in relation to pubertal insulin-resistance or flexible eating patterns, high insulin doses that could inhibit protein catabolism and slow basal metabolism or frequent snacking to avoid hypoglycemia [36,37].