CDKN1B and neoplasm: For instance, treatments of AtT20 cancerous human cells by β-carotene and lycopene were found to induce growth inhibition and pro-apoptotic effects by stopping the transition from the G phase to the G1 phase of the cell cycle, attenuating intercellular GJIC, growing level of phosphorylated connexin 43 and p27Kip−1, and reducing the expression of Skp2 protein; this has been found to have antitumour effects in neoplastic diseases of various origins [111].