The researchers also identified another HNC group from a posttreatment cohort with history of alcohol abuse, and these again demonstrated a lower rate of addition of a methyl group on the toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling, i.e., hypomethylation of TLR5, a compound of the inhibitory pathway in nuclear factor-kappa B kinase complex (CHUK) activity and MAP3K8 and MAP2K3 kinases. The gene discussed is CHUK; the disease is alcohol abuse.