Mean serum albumin levels were assessed in 3 studies (Table 5) [2,8,25], and significantly higher levels were found in DKD patients after a protein-restricted diet with supplemental KA compared to pre-intervention levels, with an unstandardized mean difference of 0.11 g/L (95% CI: 0.04, 0.19; p = 0.003) (Figure 4). The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is diabetic kidney disease.