CD4 and infection: Importantly, these studies found that key performance parameters, such as FRR, MDRI, optical density, or avidity index, were impacted by a wide range of patient characteristics, including ART treatment status (18/59); HIV viral load levels (16/59); HIV subtype (10/59); elite controllers or slow progressors (8/59); low CD4 count, advanced infection, or AIDS (6/59); sex (4/59); risk factors such as male sex, injection drug use, or sex work (2/59); postpartum status (1/59); and sample type (plasma vs dried blood spot, 1/59).