The pro-apoptotic Caspase-3 and Bax expression was upregulated, but that of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 genes was decreased in mouse tumor tissues upon transfection with sh-PVT1, while sh-p53 treatment induced opposite changing tendency, and combined treatment with sh-p53 + sh-PVT1 counteracted and action of sh-p53 treatment alone (Figure 5e; Supplementary Figure 2B). The gene discussed is PVT1; the disease is neoplasm.