GPD2 and lactic acidosis: Given the contrasting effects of Metformin and Imeglimin on lactate levels and pH in dog and rat models at high risk of lactic acidosis, we investigated the effects of both drugs on the two main molecular pathways that have been proposed for lactate accumulation: (a) inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I needed for consumption of lactate by the mitochondria and (b) inhibition of mGPDH, which would reduce the consumption of lactate for gluconeogenesis (Madiraju et al., 2014; Wang et al., 2003).