In addition to intracellular anti-viral machinery factors, other potential predictive biomarkers might include viral cell entry receptor expression on tumor and other stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment, high tumor mutation burden, high levels of tumor-infiltrating effector CD8+ T cells, low levels of regulatory CD4+ T cells, and the status of macrophage and myeloid-derived suppressor dendritic cells. Here, CD4 is linked to neoplasm.