Human breast milk-derived L. fermentum CECT5716 was also shown to stimulate anti-inflammatory Treg cell differentiation and IL-10 production and to activate proinflammatory Th1 cytokine release (25, 70); correspondingly, ingestion of L. fermentum CECT5716 not only prevented colitis and septic shock in rodents (71, 72) but also promoted the immune response of human subjects to influenza vaccination by increasing the Th1 response (73). The gene discussed is IL10; the disease is influenza.