FFAR2 and colitis: SCFAs induce the activation of the NOD-like receptor family, containing three pyridine domains (NLRP3) through its G-protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) and G protein-coupled receptor 109 (GPR109A), which induce ion efflux (K+ and Ca2+) and promote epithelial repair in colitis by regulating interleukin (IL)-18 (Macia et al., 2015).