SD, standard deviation; CAD, coronary artery disease; STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, non-ST-segment myocardial infarction; SCr, serum creatinine; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; ACEIs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin receptor blockers; CI-AKI, contrast-induced acute kidney injury. Here, ACE is linked to acute kidney injury.