The key gene markers obtained by the two algorithms overlapped, and six key genes, consisting of three downregulated genes (CHRNA5, LOC150051, and PP12719) and three upregulated genes (DHRS9, LOC101928304, and RYR1), were screened as novel gene markers for AF (Figures 4(a)–4(d)). Here, CHRNA5 is linked to atrial fibrillation.