NPPB and hemorrhagic stroke: More interestingly, in 2019, based on the Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Europe-Consortium, Castelnuovo et al. (2019) analyzed data of 58,173 participants free of stroke from six community-based cohort studies and found that, in the European group, levels of NT-proBNP have positive association with risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, independent from several other conditions and risk factors.