Interestingly, several genes identified in our study including CTLA4, STAT3, IFNGR1, FOXP3, DOCK8, SPINK5, PIK3CD, TNFRSF13B, CXCR4, CARD11 and NLRP3 have been reported as candidate genes for allergic disease in genetic population studies (Figure 4) (38–46). Here, PIK3CD is linked to allergic disease.