Moreover, the butyrate in SCFAs can cause goblet cells to upregulate mucin gene expression to help protect mucosal immunity, enhance the forkhead/winged helix transcription factor p3 gene promoter, and retain acetylation of histone H3 with a non-coding sequence, inducing Treg differentiation to improve colitis (Arpaia et al., 2015). The gene discussed is MUC5AC; the disease is colitis.