Naïve CD8 + T cells were incubated with HCC antigen-presenting cells (antigen-loaded dendritic cells, DCs) to generate HCC antigen-specific CD8 + T cells (Supplementary Fig. S5B, C), which were then transferred into HCC tumor-bearing NSG mice for treatment with or without combined anti-PD-1 therapy (Fig. 5A, B). This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and hepatocellular carcinoma.