Oxidative stress triggers the second hit of NAFLD, accompanied by the generation of lipid peroxidation and proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which accelerate the progression of NAFLD [8]. Here, TNF is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.